Is Your Child at Risk of NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly common in children, especially with rising rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. NAFLD occurs when excess fat builds up in the liver of children who consume little to no alcohol. If left unmanaged, it can progress to a more severe condition known as Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), which includes liver inflammation and damage.

So, how do you know if your child is at risk? Let’s explore the key factors that may increase the likelihood of NAFLD in children.

1. Excess Calorie Intake and Sedentary Lifestyle
Children who consume more calories than they burn—especially from sugary drinks, processed foods, and unhealthy snacks—are more likely to gain excess fat, including in the liver. A sedentary lifestyle, marked by minimal physical activity and long hours of screen time, further contributes to fat accumulation in the body.

2. Overweight or Obese
Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for NAFLD. It often goes hand-in-hand with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high triglyceride or cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure—all of which are linked to liver fat buildup.

3. Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep due to airway obstruction, has also been associated with NAFLD. Poor sleep quality can worsen metabolic health and increase liver stress.

4. Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance means the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. This condition is common in obese children and is strongly associated with NAFLD. One of the visible signs of insulin resistance is Acanthosis Nigricans—dark, velvety patches of skin usually found on the back of the neck or folds of joints. This skin condition has been reported in 33%–50% of children diagnosed with NAFLD.

5. Family History and Genetics
Genetics can play a big role. If a parent or sibling has NAFLD or NASH, the risk of developing the disease significantly increases for the child. A family history of type 2 diabetes or obesity can also contribute to the likelihood.

6. Hormonal Disorders
Conditions like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) may put children, especially girls, at higher risk of developing NAFLD due to their impact on metabolism and hormone regulation.

Conclusion

If your child falls into any of these risk categories, it’s essential to take action early. Speak to your pediatrician about screening for liver health and making lifestyle adjustments that include a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and proper sleep hygiene. Early intervention can prevent the progression of NAFLD and support your child’s overall health and well-being.